Consider:

• Adapter disabled or flight mode toggled by a function key.
• 5 GHz-only router while the adapter is 2.4 GHz-only (or vice versa).
• Hidden SSID or unusual country/channel settings.
• Outdated Wi-Fi drivers or Windows network stack glitches.
• Distance and interference; walls and appliances matter.

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What it might be (likely causes)

• Radio disabled or hard-switched
  Laptops often have a physical wireless toggle or a Fn hotkey that kills the radio. Airplane mode also shuts off Wi‑Fi. A quick toggle brings the SSID list back.

Likely causes:

• Windows using cached sign-in and refusing without network; switch to a local sign-in temporarily.
• Adapter disabled or in airplane mode.
• Router DHCP hiccups; renew IP or reboot the router.
• Captive portal on guest Wi-Fi blocking access.
• Date/time drift breaking SSL and logins.

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What it might be (likely causes)

• Microsoft account sign‑in needs a network
  When Windows thinks you must re‑authenticate a Microsoft account, it can block login if there’s no internet or SSL fails. A temporary local account login can get you in to fix networking.

Smart router configuration tips for rural Missouri homes and small apartment buildings. Learn how placement, firmware, and security settings affect Wi-Fi speed, reliability, and safety.