Could be a few things, and they often stack:

• Too many startup programs or services; check Task Manager > Startup and disable non-essentials.
• Failing HDD (SMART warnings, high reallocated sectors); an SSD upgrade can be night-and-day.
• Windows file system errors; run “chkdsk” and “sfc /scannow”.
• Low RAM causing disk thrash; check memory pressure in Task Manager.
• Outdated BIOS/UEFI or storage drivers slowing handoff.

Need help? Check here: /services/computer-maintenance/

What it might be (likely causes)

• Startup bloat: Many apps set themselves to launch on boot. High “Startup impact” adds seconds that add up to minutes.
  See a broader speed-up overview: /posts/speed-up-old-laptop/

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