# Nostr: What can relays learn about encrypted messages?

A relay can see that a client connected, which events it submitted or requested, and some timing and routing information.

2026-08-13
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Switchboard Tech Services


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## Short answer

A relay can see that a client connected, which events it submitted or requested, and some timing and routing information. NIP-17 gift wrapping hides more message details than a simple public-tagged event, but NIP-44 itself notes limits around metadata hiding and forward secrecy. Encryption protects content, not every fact about communication. Use a suitable network connection and client if metadata exposure matters.

## Sources

[NIP-17: Private messages](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/17.md), [NIP-44: Encryption](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/44.md).

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Canonical URL: https://switchboardtechservices.com/guides/nostr-what-can-relays-learn-about-encrypted-messages/

Language: en-us

Content type: guide

Author: Switchboard Tech Services

Published: 2026-08-13T17:47:55+00:00

Description: A practical answer to What can relays learn about encrypted messages?