Virtual Worlds

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Club Penguin: an official world, its closure, and successor communities | Dead Internet Theory

Dead Internet Theory: Club Penguin built a child-friendly social world around recurring places, parties, games, and friendships. Disney closed the original world in 2017, but successor communities show how much of that culture could move—and how much changed once it was no longer official.

The Sims Online: the limits of transplanting a simulation into a social world | Dead Internet Theory

Dead Internet Theory: How The Sims Online took a private single-player simulation, put a monthly fee on it, and watched the social layer turn domestic play into grind, commerce, and finally a volunteer-run afterlife.

PlayStation Home: social gathering inside a console-owned environment | Dead Internet Theory

Dead Internet Theory: How PlayStation Home made the PS3 a free gathering place, why it mattered that every apartment and plaza sat on Sony's servers, and what fan projects rebuilt after the shutdown.

There.com: reopening a virtual world and rebuilding its population | Dead Internet Theory

Dead Internet Theory: There.com closed in 2010, reopened in 2012, and drew millions of eyes in 2025 after a viral video. This article looks at what the world was built to do, what reopening changed, and how to judge a revived community beyond its account totals.

Habbo: continuity and generational turnover inside a long-running virtual hotel | Dead Internet Theory

Dead Internet Theory: Habbo has run continuously for more than a quarter century, longer than many of its guests have been alive. This article looks at what keeps a virtual hotel recognizable as generations of players check in, redecorate, and hand the rooms along.

Second Life: distinguishing abandoned regions from an abandoned platform | Dead Internet Theory

Dead Internet Theory: Most screenshots used to declare Second Life dead actually show abandoned regions, a routine part of the grid's land economy. This article explains why regions empty out and how to tell that from platform-level decline.

VRML worlds separated from their original viewing software | Dead Internet Theory

Dead Internet Theory: A VRML world was never one file. Textures, sounds, inlined scenes, and the viewer that interpreted them all shaped what a visitor saw, so most surviving .wrl files can only show part of the original.